VOCABULARY

LISTENING disclosure - opening up and telling feelings or information about oneself dyad - a group of two; the central unit for interpersonal communication interpersonal communication - quality interaction between two (sometimes more) people. The relationship of the communicators is central to interpersonal communication. hearing - the physical condition of receiving sound messages listening - attending to sounds in effort to decipher meaning mindless listening - listening without mental investment mindful listening - listening with mental investment residual message - what is remembered/retained after a conversation (often relational rather than content) prompting - using small sounds, nods, and eye contact to encourage a speaker to continue questioning - a method of encouraging a speaker to continue. Questions should be open-ended. paraphrasing - reflecting back to the speaker his/her key ideas in effort to help the speaker expand his/her thoughts stage-hogging - turning the topic of conversation to oneself pseudo listening - pretending to listen insensitive listening - attending to the content of a message while ignoring the relational dimension or feelings of the speaker

GROUP DISCUSSION collective identity -shared identity as a group interdependence - shared dependence (goes both ways--needed and needing) norms - assumed (or agreed upon) behaviors in a group synergy - interaction of substances (people!) to produce a combined effect that is greater than the sum of its parts cohesive - holds together inclusion - one of the 3 key interpersonal goals (to belong) control - one of the 3 key interpersonal goals (to matter) affection - one of the 3 key interpersonal goals (to be loved) task role - tending to the job the group is trying to accomplish maintenance role - tending to positive social climate of group negative roles - roles that put the needs of the individual ahead of the needs of the group flexibility - ability to assume various roles in a group as needed groupthink - failure to think critically, overconfidence of the group, holding stereotypes of those outside the group orientation - first phase of group (tense, tentative) conflict - second phase of group (negotiation; noisy) emergence - third phase of group (starts to function; gets to work; leadership issues resolve) reinforcement - fourth phase of group (self-congratulation, bolster confidence) POSITIVE ROLES: Gatekeeper - Keeps communication moving (leader)

COMMUNICATION THEORY Needs met by communication: physical needs - health identity needs - understanding of who you are social needs - interactions with others practical goals - accomplishing tasks Maslow's hierarchy of needs (know all five levels) liner view of communication - oldest model; introduces key components transactional view of communication - model you must know all parts to! encode - to put thoughts or feelings into messages decode - to "read" the messages (put meaning to) sent from others message - the thoughts and/or feelings expressed channel - the means (sensory) by which messages are sent noise/interference - internal and external sounds/feelings/thoughts that prevent a message from arriving clearly environments - one's past, culture, experiences, and physical location that must overlap another's for successful communication intentional/unintentional - on purpose (meant to do it!) vs. not on purpose irreversible - can not take it back; can not un-do content dimension - part of the message that contains the idea itself relational dimension - part of the message that relates how one feels about the other FEATURES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP: uniqueness -unusual, not duplicated in other relationships irreplaceable - another person could not "step in" and fill the relationship interdependence - need each other disclosure - sharing of private information intrinsic rewards- the relationship provides internal pleasures and benefits (coming from within) extrinsic - coming from outside Communication competence - able to achieve one's goals while maintaining or enhancing the relationship cognitive complexity - ability to "frame" a situation in a variety of ways (see it from different perspectives) empathy - to take on another's point of view; to experience a situation from another's perspective self-monitoring - ability to observe (and adjust) one's choices toward positive ends